In our area most of the fallers work for the individual logging companies as kind of a sub contractor.
It usually works like this... BTC (Big Timber Company) needs a piece of ground logged. BTC doesn't actually do any of the logging themselves...they just own the ground, the timber, and the mills it will go to. BTC calls JBL (Joe Blow Logging) and offers them a set amount to do the logging. JBL takes the job and starts getting a crew together.
JBL's woods crew generally stay with him all year long and get paid by the hour...except for the fallers.
JBL usually knows a couple of good fallers, guys who've cut for him in the past and may cut for him on a fairly steady basis. He calls them up and tells them he has, say, 2 million feet to cut in such and such an area. He tells them how much he's paying...either day wages or busheling, and how many guys he might need. This is what a lot of fallers shoot for...working for one logger all season long that pays them on time and is decent to work for. It's about as much job security as you can get in this business.
The fallers, as a rule, provide their own transportation, saws, gas&oil, and insurance.
The side-rod for JBL lays out the strips and the lay. The fallers go to work.
If they're busheling you'll see a lot of hustle...the more they cut the more they make. If they're working day wages you'll still see a lot of hustle because JBL expects an amount of wood on the ground commensurate with what they're paying the fallers.