To begin, small plants transplant more successfully than do large ones of the same species. Small plants adapt more quickly to unfavorable surroundings and come into balance with their environment. A general rule of thumb is that for every inch diameter of the trees trunk, the tree will have to receive the same number of years of tender-loving-care. Confused? An example could be that a 4 inch diameter tree is transplanted to a new location, therefore, unless wisely watered and manged for 4 consecutive years, the tree may risk dessication. Also, if trees are to survive the transplant process and become assets in their new location, those selected for relocation must be healthy and pest free and possess good structure, bot above- and below-ground.
Now for the transplanting methods. The methods of transplanting large plants are similar to those used with small plants and depend on plant size and species, soil, and site conditions, lead time before moving, time between digging and planting, distance between digging and planting sites, available equipment, personnel, and funds. The larger and more sensitive a plant is, the harsher the weather, and the greater the time and distance between digging and planting, the more protective methods must be used. Typically, the main/primary methods of transplanting are: bare root, balled-in-burlap, frozen root ball, unprotected root ball, box, or by mechanical tree movers.
If you are going to attempt to move these trees yourself, you will most-likely use the balled-in-burlap method. The diameter of the root ball should usually be 10 to 12 times the trunk diameter, which is measure approximately 6 inches above the soil for trees up to 4 inches in diameter and 12 inches for larger trees. The proper depth is best determined by root density, which is usually when the ball has been dug deep enough when the root density decreases markedly; going deeper increases the size and weight of the root ball which is unnecessary. Romove as much of the surface soil to the point where the roots become exposed, then protect them from drying out.
The hole that will become the trees new home need only be large enough to allow backfill soil to be easily worked in around the roots. Most trees larger than 3 inches in diameter should be guyed after being set in the planting hole to keep them upright and avoid shifting that will damage the root balls. Most commonly, the guys with hose buffers are looped in a branch crotch about one-third up the trunk, this ensures minimal injury to the trunk. The guys should also be set at right angles to each other. This will prevent the tree from producing reaction wood, which could alter the present form of the tree.
Considerable differences of opinion exist as to the wisdom of fertilizing newly planted woody plants. For best results, you should probably contact a local creditable arborist.
Remember that the transplanting process is not finished at the time when the tree is placed in its new home. TLC (tender-loving-care) will be the best tree care practice that you can give in the years to come. Transplanting is a stressful experience on plants, therefore, they need time to recuperate and establish to their new environment. Goodluck with your upcoming task.
Shane Freeman
