Thanx WRX
Here is what I had found before I mad the inquiry; I will follow your sugegstion
Ed
Ash Pests: A Guide to Major Insects, Diseases, Air Pollution Injury, and Chemical Injury
Solomon, J.D.; Leininger, T.D.; Wilson, A.D.; Anderson, R.L.; Thompson, L.C.; McCracken, F.I. 1993. Ash pests: A guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury and chemical injury. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-96. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 45 p.
This booklet will help nurserymen, resource managers, pest control personnel, and homeowner to prevent, identify, and control ash pests.
Keywords: Biology, borers, control, defoliators, Fraxinus, Fungi, identification.
Acknowledgements
Foliage Insects
Blackheaded Ash Sawfly
Ash Sphinx
Ash Plant Bugs
Woolly Ash Aphid
Terminal, Twig and Branch Insects
Ash Borer (terminal borer)
European Fruit Lecanium
Flatid Planthoppers
Insect Borers, Miners and Bark Beetles
Ash Borer (trunk borer)
Banded Ash Clearwing
Carpenterworm
Banded Ash Borer
Ash Cambium Miner
Eastern Ash Bark Beetle
Flower and Seed Insects and Mites
Ash Flowergall Mite
Ash Seed Weevils
Minor Insects and Mites
Leafroll Midges
Leaf Beetle
Spring Cankerworm
Fall Webworm
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Ashleaf Gall Mite
Seed and Leaf Diseases
Damping-Off
Anthracnose
Ash Rust
Mycosphaerella Leaf Spots
Powdery Mildews
Declines, Diebacks and Wilts
Ash Yellows
Ash Dieback
Verticillium Wilt
Cankers
Fusicoccum Canker
Nectria Canker
Decays
Butt Rots
Varnish Fungus Rot
Sulfur Fungus Rot
Stem and Top Rot
Perenniporia Stem Rot
Top Rots
Root Diseases
Corticium Root Rot
Texas Root Rot
Mushroom Root Rot
Parasitic Plants
Air Pollution and Chemical Injuries
Maintaining Tree Health
Glossary
Introduction
The ashes (Fraxinus spp.) are one of our more valuable hardwood resources- some 275 million board feet of ash lumber are sawn annually in the United States. White ash (F. americana L.) and green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marsh.), widely distributed throughout the Eastern United States and southern Canada, are the two most important species. Black ash (F. nigra Marsh.) is an important timber species in the Northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Ash wood- tough, strong, and resistant to shock- is used for handles, oars, baseball bats, and furniture. Green, white, and black ashes grow best on fertile, moist, well-drained soils. But green ash, the most adaptable of the ashes, grows naturally on a wide range of sites from clay soils flooded up to 40 percent of the time to sandy, dry, harsh sites. Because of its hardiness, adaptability, and drought tolerance, green ash is used widely as an ornamental, in shelterbelts of the Great Plains, and for revegetation of strip-mining spoil banks. Green and white ashes are among only a few hardwood species being used to establish commercial timber plantations.
Insects, diseases, and pollutants are continuing problems for the ashes, but few actually threaten their widespread use. Disease, simply stated, is a condition of abnormal growth resulting from infection by a biotic agent (fungus, bacterium, or virus), or induced by an abiotic stress such as drought or air pollution. Fungi are the most common causes of diseases of trees. Diminished growth and vigor, brought on by one or more biotic or abiotic factors, are perhaps the most serious problems of white ash. Wood boring insects, the most damaging pests of green ash, have damaged shelterbelt plantings in the Great Plains and caused considerable degrade losses in logs and lumber in the South. An estimated one-third of the ash trees larger than pole size contain some heart-rot. Seed insects sometimes destroy up to 90 percent of the seed crop. Insects and diseases that destroy foliage can be disfiguring and cause growth loss, but seldom cause widespread damage. Because the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), rarely feeds on ashes, ash species are often favored for planting in both forest and urban settings in the Northeastern States.
Cultural practices that maintain and promote tree health are encouraged to minimize losses. Control measures are not always feasible or needed for some ash pests covered in this guide, especially when light infestations or infections occur. The best procedure in these cases is to prevent problems by promoting and maintaining healthy trees. To this end, some recommendations are provided in the back of this guide in a section called "Maintaining Tree Health." However, chemical controls may become necessary as a last resort when all else fails.
This booklet will help nursery workers, resource managers, pest control personnel, and homeowners to prevent, identify, and control ash pests. The major insect and disease pests of ashes in the Eastern United States are emphasized. Descriptions and illustrations of the pests and their damage are provided to aid in identification. Brief notes are given on their biology and control to aid in assessing damage and making control decisions. Lists of chemical controls are provided, but recommendations are subject to change as certain compounds are discontinued and new materials approved. The chemical control section (tear sheet) in this booklet can be removed and discarded when outdated as indicated by registered uses on pesticide labels. For further information on pesticides or additional assistance with ash pests, contact your State forester, county extension agent, or the nearest office of the USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Pest Management.
