Lightning can be direct or indirect and either can kill the tree and do damage like this. The indirect is much weaker than a direct hit which can blow branches off, split the tree in several directions or even blow it right out of the ground and/or set it on fire. Both direct and indirect can be deadly, but surprisingly, indirect lightning can cause an instant death because the tree can be hit a dozen or more tomes during the same storm. In short, it electrocutes the tree.
My pin oak tree had a full crown in December and was killed in March, likely from indirect lightening that hit it during a freak early March storm this past spring. Here's what it looked like in mid-April:
Not a single branch is alive, no buds produced any leaves, and the tree was healthy for 37 years. I planted it. There is no indication of any direct lightning hit anywhere, but the ruling is that indirect jolts electrocuted it. The tree will be cut down next month. It was the tallest pin oak in the neighborhood, about 50 feet.