Michelle,
You didn't say just how big of a tree you're looking for, or if your looking for dense or light shade.
Birch trees are pretty to look at, but fussy. I murdered a couple before I figured out that experts were serious when they said "moist conditions and well amended soils". Birches are native to river banks and other wet environments. It's not impossible to make them grow in the average yard, but it is somewhat of a commitment. Birches are also not much for shade.
From what I've experienced and heard from others, only the Silver Maple is really bad about invading septic and water lines. They do, however, all make those little "helicopter" seeds, about 90% of which seem to pop up into new trees. Maples aren't a good bet, if you're looking for "neat".
Same can be said of Ashes, which have a similar seed, and seem to seed themselves quite readily.
You might consider a Bradford Pear. They have a wonderful flower, in the spring, are relatively fast growing, yet stay to a manageable size (about 60 ft. when mature). They produce a fruit which is smaller than a pea, and I believe is sterile (at least mine has never produced any offspring). There are some relatives of the Bradford, which are also "fruitless", but their names escape me right now. A good nursery could help you there.
Another tree to consider is the Sunburst Locust. Very small leaves that turn a lovely bronze in the fall and practically disappear into the lawn, when they fall. No raking(G). Sunbursts are also thornless, unlike many other Locusts. They provide a nice filtered shade. I believe they are in the 70 to 80 ft range, when mature.
Hope that helps.
Bok