Fast is a relative concept. Most young trees (once established) can put on some good growth in a short period of time. I have a river birch that has grown over 15 feet tall in three years.
At some point maturing trees slow down just as we do.
You need to watch your soils in some areas of WI. Here in MKE they scorch and get chlorotic easily.
There is a hardy swamp white oak x bur oak hybrid that grows around 18 in per year. I know Johnsons nursery in the 'Falls carries a few. They call it a swamp burr oak. Imaginative name. Try to get one with bicolor leaves.