bighuge,
I just read a big article in USA Today that peed me off a bit and you caught a little bit of my rage. Sorry about that.
Federal wildland firefighting jobs are lumped into a few different categories:
Permanent year round - Upper level people, they get benefits.
Permanent seasonal - Middle level, they get benefits but may only work 6-8 months a year.
Temporary seasonal - Ground pounders, no benefits (other than Social security)
Firefighters that have permanent status can retire after 20 years (instead of the usual 30 for normal fed employees). But most were temps before they got their permanent status. Some people have been "Temporary" employees for 10-20 years.
As you might be able to imagine, hiring more permanents cost more money and in a time where agencies are watching budgets, cost increases are sometimes not an option.
Fuel reduction treatments and prescribed burning often meet a lot of resistance in interface areas. Suburban whiners can frustrate agencies so much they eventually stop proposing action. Two or three years ago the town of Show Low, Arizona (hear of the Rodeo fire?) whined so much about a fuel reduction-prescribed burn plan that the forest service scrapped it. I've been in more than one fire with faded blue paint on trees where environmentalists and suburbanites got a timber sale stopped only to have a fire destroy everything a few years later.
The Biscuit Fire was "allowed to burn" through a wilderness area. It's now sitting at nearly a half a million acres and has cost over 80 million to fight. So letting a fire take it's natural course can come back to bite as well.
Sorry to hear about your friend, very unfortunate situation.