Like many other species in the family
Anacardiaceae, Brazilian pepper has an aromatic
sap that can cause skin reactions (similar to
poison ivy burns) in some sensitive people – although the reaction is usually weaker than that induced by touch of the closely related
Lithraea molleoides, known in Brazil as "wild" aroeira (
aroeira brava). Conversely,
Schinus terebinthifolius is commonly known as "tame" aroeira (
aroeira mansa).
In a paper on triterpenes, the ingested fruits are noted to have a “paralyzing effect” on birds.
[10] The narcotic and toxic effects on birds and other wildlife has also been noted by others, e.g., Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management. The AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants reports that the triterpenes found in the fruits can result in irritation of the throat, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting
[11] Like most other members of the Anacardiaceae, Brazilian pepper contains active alkenyl phenols, e.g., urushiol, cardol, which can cause contact dermatitis and inflammation in sensitive individuals.
[12][13] Contact with the “sap” from a cut or bruised tree can result in rash, lesions, oozing sores, severe itching, welts, and reddening and swelling (especially of the eyes).
[14]
The burning of plant matter releases many airborne irritants, so is not an effective means of control. It is said to have a "mace-like" effect upon nearby people and is highly advised against.