Dont know about your utilities but here we have a number of ways to isolate and test our circuits. First is the circuit breaker in the substation which is designed to give either one or two tests when the circuit "relays" that is when the relays sense a fault on the line. Many circuits have remote controlled pole switches which open after they lose power for 30 seconds. So, we set the circuit breaker at the substation to test once at 15 seconds, then again at 45 seconds. The remote control switch(es) are set in the middle of the circuit, so if the circuit breaker tests good the first test, we know the problem was likely blown in the clear and a patrol begins. If it tests good the seond test, we know the problem is on the back half of the circuit since the remote control switch (RCS) opened before the second test. If the second test is bad, then we know the problem is on the first half of the circuit, and can now use another parallel RCS to pick up the good back half. In addition, many tap lines, especially those that go underground or into country areas are fused, and/or have remote controlled circuit breakers installed on the poles called automatic reclosers that protect just those small parts of that circuit so a problem doesnt wipe out the whole circuit. In addition, their setting are much lower to help prevent damage and fires.
Its expensive to install and coordinate all this stuff, so I imagine many smaller utilities just let the circuits drop and then go out and start poking around, which results in your power being off for hours. Every year I read/hear about ice and wind storms knocking out power to thousands and thousands of people and I cant figure out why: no one back east seems to own a generator which are cheap, and two, why dont they keep the trees trimmed out of the power lines?. I run the grid here btw, day and night, week and weekends.